What is the study of forces and their effects?

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Mechanics is the field that analyzes how forces influence the motion and deformation of objects. It covers how forces cause movement, change in shape, and equilibrium, including both static situations and dynamic ones. That broad scope fits the description “study of forces and their effects.” Inertia is just a property of matter, not a field of study. Kinetics focuses specifically on the forces causing motion within mechanics, while biomechanics applies those mechanical principles to living systems—a specialized application rather than the general study of forces and their effects.