Which ligament is described as the only ligament limiting extension?

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The anterior longitudinal ligament tightens as the spine extends, providing the primary restraint against hyperextension. It runs along the front of the vertebral bodies and discs, so when you bend backward, it becomes taut and stops further backward movement, stabilizing the anterior column. Other ligaments in the spine mainly restrain movement in the opposite direction (flexion) or assist with stability in different motions, such as the posterior structures and the ligaments between the spinous processes, while the ligamentum flavum contributes to movement control but isn’t the main limiter of extension.