Which muscles are involved in medial epicondylitis?

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Medial epicondylitis occurs when the tendons that originate from the inner (medial) side of the elbow are overloaded, usually from repetitive wrist flexion and forearm pronation. The muscles most involved are the flexor-prator group that attaches at the medial epicondyle—the wrist flexors (such as flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and often palmaris longus) and the pronator teres. Their shared origin at the common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle makes them the primary players in this condition, leading to pain and tenderness on the inside of the elbow. In contrast, the extensor muscles and the supinator lie on the lateral side and are linked to tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis). Biceps brachii and brachialis contribute to elbow flexion but do not share the same medial epicondyle tendon origin, and the deltoid and pectoralis major are shoulder muscles, not involved in this elbow issue.